The Great California Methane Leak

[Syt]

It appears we have no thread on this yet?

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/california-methane-gas-leak-more-damaging-than-deepwater-horizon-disaster-a6794251.html

California methane gas leak 'more damaging than Deepwater Horizon disaster'

Largest recorded natural gas leak in state's history is expelling 110,000lbs of methane into the atmosphere every hour

It was the middle of the night when Alexandra Ortiz first smelt the rotten-egg stench of leaking gas from the Aliso Canyon methane facility in the hills above her neighbourhood. "The whole house smelled of gas," Ms Ortiz, 34, said last week. "At the time, we didn't know about the facility or the leak, so we kept getting up to check the stove."

Until it sprung a leak on 23 October, few residents of Porter Ranch, a community less than 30 miles from downtown Los Angeles, were aware of the vast natural gas facility on their doorsteps. The largest underground storage system on the US West Coast, it contains gas piped from as far away as Texas and the Midwest, serving 14 power plants and more than 20 million energy customers.

Now it is the source of the largest recorded natural gas leak in California's history, expelling an estimated 110,000lbs of methane into the atmosphere every hour: about a quarter of the state's daily methane gas emissions. Its climate impact will be "humongous", said Tim O'Connor, California director for the Environmental Defence Fund's (EDF) oil and gas programme. "In terms of aggregate greenhouse gas emissions, it is far greater than the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster."

More than two months since the leak was first discovered, the Southern California Gas Company, which operates the facility, has yet to plug it. When the wind dies, the gas settles like an invisible fog over the surrounding area. Though methane itself is odourless, it is injected with trace amounts of sulphurous chemicals to make its scent detectable.

Experts insist that in their current quantities, those chemicals – known as mercaptans – pose few long-term medical risks, but residents have experienced headaches, nausea, dizziness and shortness of breath. Ms Ortiz and her husband have a one-year-old daughter, and have discussed moving home to escape the fumes and their potential health effects.

Natural gas is considered a cleaner energy source than other fossil fuels such as oil and coal, because burning it produces less greenhouse gas. But allow it to escape without burning, and methane can be up to 80 times more potent than CO2. The Aliso Canyon leak, environmentalists say, is generating emissions equivalent to six coal-fired power stations or seven million cars.

In a letter to California's Governor Jerry Brown in December, SoCalGas president Dennis Arriola said his company "recognised the impact this incident is having on the environment" and promised to work with state officials "to mitigate [the] environmental impacts".

Having failed to stop the leak by more rudimentary means, the company is now drilling a relief well to the natural gas reservoir 8,500ft underground, from which it should be possible to seal it with heavy fluids, mud and concrete. SoCalGas says that it may take until late March to complete, five months after the initial leak. (The Deepwater Horizon was fixed in less than three.)

As of last week, almost 2,200 households close to Aliso Canyon had taken up a SoCalGas offer to fund their temporary relocation. Two local schools have been moved to a different neighbourhood for the remainder of the school year.

Retired aerospace engineer Bill Debley has lived less than two miles from Aliso Canyon for two decades, and only became aware of the facility following the leak. "A lot of our neighbours have taken advantage of the temporary relocation," said Mr Debley, 74. "Some of them have experienced headaches, nausea, bloody noses. There's a lot of paranoia."

Mr Debley was photographing the canyon using a camera modified to take infrared images last week. The methane leak has received increased attention since an aerial infrared video of the perpetually spouting gas plume was released by EDF on 20 December. The clip has since been viewed almost a million times on YouTube.

Until the video and unlike an oil spill, this was an invisible environmental disaster. But now people have been able to see the devastating leak, not just smell it. "At first, the story was just about a small community smelling foul odours," said Mr O'Connor. "But now that people can see this volcano of man-made methane pollution, they can't help but pay attention."

The clip is expected to raise awareness not only of the Aliso Canyon crisis, but also of the wider problem of methane gas pollution. A recent EDF report found more than 3,000 methane wells in Los Angeles alone. Almost 40 per cent of the pipes under SoCalGas jurisdiction are more than 50 years old – and in excess of 15 per cent of them are made from leak-prone materials.

SoCalGas said it always operates in compliance with public safety regulations. And before the leak, the company had submitted plans to the state's Public Utilities Commission  for a $30m annual programme to upgrade its storage infrastructure.

Matt Pakucko, president of the community group Save Porter Ranch, said: "The more we find out about how ancient and deteriorating this facility is – from the company's own documents – the more it becomes clear that this was almost inevitable."

It is a problem repeated across the US. In California, which has some of the world's most ambitious emissions reduction plans, Mr O'Connor said he wants a review of natural gas regulations, to prevent and better manage any future methane leaks.

Shortly before flying to Paris to attend the United Nations climate change conference in November, LA's mayor, Eric Garcetti, visited Porter Ranch to see – and smell – the leak. "This is an environmental disaster," he said, adding: "It makes you question the sustainability of a carbon-based power system."

* This article has been amended to remove a reference to methane being heavier than air: it is actually lighter than air.

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/5-facts-to-know-about-the-california-methane-leak/

5 Facts to Know about the California Methane Leak

It could be months before the gas leak that has forced thousands from their homes in southern California is stopped

A methane leak in Southern California has forced thousands of people from their homes. Although the gas first began spewing from a leaky underground well in October, the gas company only recently identified the source of the leak.

Now, officials with the company say it could be months before the methane leak is stopped.

But what exactly caused the methane leak in the first place, and how will it affect those in the surrounding areas? Here are five things to know about the Southern California methane leak.

1.Methane is the main component of natural gas

Methane is a simple hydrocarbon made up of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms, and is produced when microorganisms called methanogens combine carbon dioxide and oxygen. It is the main constituent in the natural gas that is used for heating and cooking in some homes.

By itself, methane is colorless and odorless. When it is processed for use in homes, an odorant is added, so that people will be able to smell it if there is a gas leak.
Scientists say that vast stores of methane are buried beneath the seafloor, locked into a cagelike crystal of water molecules, making it stable. Other huge sources of methane are the organic matter frozen into the permafrost in the Arctic.

The methane that's leaking probably isn't part of California's natural reserves. Most of the methane that is used in Southern California homes actually comes from somewhere else (typically West Texas or Southern Colorado). It is transported to California via a massive network of interstate pipelines, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

2. The leak originated underground

The source of the methane leak, which began on Oct. 23, is the Aliso Canyon Gas Storage Field, the largest underground methane storage facility in the western United States. The storage facility is located in a mountain near the community of Porter Ranch.

3. It's an environmental disaster

Since October, the leak has released 150 million pounds (72,000 metric tons) of methane into the environment, according to the Environmental Defense Fund, which has tracked the leak using infrared cameras. [6 Unexpected Effects of Climate Change]

That could be bad news for the climate. Methane is a greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide, but pound for pound, methane can be 25 times more powerful than carbon dioxide at trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

Methane that enters the atmosphere takes about 12 years to break down — it is mostly removed from the air by chemical reactions with other compounds.
All told, the current leak could be responsible for a quarter of all of the state's methane emissions this year, and could be the worst methane leak in California's history.

4. It's dangerous

The methane leak could also be dangerous for people who live in Porter Ranch. Methane is highly flammable (not surprising, as it is used for combustion in both gas stoves and rockets).

Depending on its concentration in the air, it can also be dangerous to inhale methane fumes, because methane can occupy the same place in blood cells that oxygen normally does. Symptoms of methane exposure include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness and loss of coordination, according to the National Institutes of Health. In serious cases, people may black out or die.

More than 2,000 residents of Porter Ranch, California, have been evacuated from their homes after people complained of headaches and nosebleeds, NBC News reported. Two Los Angeles Unified School District schools have closed in response to the methane leak. 

5. It could take months to fix

The Southern California Gas Company has identified the location of the leak in a well 3,000 feet (914 meters) below ground. However, they still don't know what caused it.

To stop the leak, the gas company said it plans to drill a "relief" well at 5,000 feet (1,524 m), or below the level of the current leak, to divert the methane flow. Then, the company plans to temporarily plug the leaking well with a mixture of mud and fluids, before sealing it permanently with cement, CBS news reported.

But this will all be a tricky process, as it involves using magnetic-ranging techniques to find a 7-inch (17.8 centimeter) pipe located within 1,500 feet (457 m) of rock, while not damaging other pipes nearby, according to the Southern California Gas Company.

The workers will also have to stop their work if air concentrations of methane get too high and pose either a possibility of explosion or a health risk.
The whole process could be completed by late February or early March, the gas company said.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exfJ8VPQDTY

[jimmy olsen]

That's an absolute disaster!

[The Brain]

It isn't nuclear so it isn't worth mentioning.

[11B4V]

I always knew California stunk.

[mongers]

I always knew California stunk.

I thought Los Angeles was supposed to be a gas?