Nuclear Smugglers Sought Terrorist Buyers

[jimmy olsen]

Good Lord, we're lucky they didn't manage to succeed.

http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ap-investigation-nuclear-smugglers-sought-terrorist-buyers-34298921

AP INVESTIGATION: Nuclear Smugglers Sought Terrorist Buyers
By DESMOND BUTLER AND VADIM GHIRDA, ASSOCIATED PRESS CHISINAU, Moldova — Oct 6, 2015, 9:01 PM ET

In the backwaters of Eastern Europe, authorities working with the FBI have interrupted four attempts in the past five years by gangs with suspected Russian connections that sought to sell radioactive material to Middle Eastern extremists, The Associated Press has learned. The latest known case came in February this year, when a smuggler offered a huge cache of deadly cesium — enough to contaminate several city blocks — and specifically sought a buyer from the Islamic State group.

Criminal organizations, some with ties to the Russian KGB's successor agency, are driving a thriving black market in nuclear materials in the tiny and impoverished country of Moldova, investigators say. The successful busts, however, were undercut by striking shortcomings: Kingpins got away, and those arrested evaded long prison sentences, sometimes quickly returning to nuclear smuggling, AP found.

Moldovan police and judicial authorities shared investigative case files with AP in an effort to spotlight how dangerous the nuclear black market has become. They say the breakdown in cooperation between Russia and the West means that it has become much harder to know whether smugglers are finding ways to move parts of Russia's vast store of radioactive materials — an unknown quantity of which has leached into the black market.

"We can expect more of these cases," said Constantin Malic, a Moldovan police officer who investigated all four cases. "As long as the smugglers think they can make big money without getting caught, they will keep doing it."

In wiretaps, videotaped arrests, photographs of bomb-grade material, documents and interviews, AP found a troubling vulnerability in the anti-smuggling strategy. From the first known Moldovan case in 2010 to the most recent one in February, a pattern has emerged: Authorities pounce on suspects in the early stages of a deal, giving the ringleaders a chance to escape with their nuclear contraband — an indication that the threat from the nuclear black market in the Balkans is far from under control.

Moldovan investigators can't be sure that the suspects who fled didn't hold on to the bulk of the nuclear materials. Nor do they know whether the groups, which are pursuing buyers who are enemies of the West, may have succeeded in selling deadly nuclear material to terrorists at a time when the Islamic State has made clear its ambition to use weapons of mass destruction.

The cases involve secret meetings in a high-end nightclub; blue-prints for dirty bombs; and a nerve-shattered undercover investigator who slammed vodka shots before heading into meetings with smugglers. Informants and a police officer posing as a connected gangster — complete with a Mercedes Benz provided by the FBI — penetrated the smuggling gangs. The police used a combination of old-fashioned undercover tactics and high-tech gear, from radiation detectors to clothing threaded with recording devices.

The Moldovan operations were built on a partnership between the FBI and a small team of Moldovan investigators — including Malic, who over five years went from near total ignorance of the frightening black market in his backyard to wrapping up four sting operations.

"In the age of the Islamic State, it's especially terrifying to have real smugglers of nuclear bomb material apparently making connections with real buyers," says Matthew Bunn, a Harvard professor who led a secret study for the Clinton administration on the security of Russia's nuclear arsenal.

The Moldovan investigators were well aware of the lethal consequences of just one slip-up. Posing as a representative's buyer, Malic was so terrified before meetings that he gulped shots of vodka to steel his nerves. Other cases contained elements of farce: In the cesium deal, an informant held a high-stakes meeting with a seller at an elite dance club filled with young people nibbling on sushi.

In the case of the cesium, investigators said the one vial they ultimately recovered was a less radioactive form of cesium than the smugglers originally advertised, and not suitable for making a dirty bomb.

The most serious case began in the spring of 2011, with the investigation of a group led by a shadowy Russian named Alexandr Agheenco, "the colonel" to his cohorts, whom Moldovan authorities believe to be an officer with the Russian FSB, previously known as the KGB. A middle man working for the colonel was recorded arranging the sale of bomb-grade uranium, U-235, and blueprints for a dirty bomb to a man from Sudan, according to several officials. The blueprints were discovered in a raid of the middleman's home, according to police and court documents.

Wiretapped conversations repeatedly exposed plots that targeted the United States, the Moldovan officials said. At one point the middleman told an informant posing as a buyer that it was essential that the smuggled uranium go to Arabs.

"He said to the informant on a wire: 'I really want an Islamic buyer because they will bomb the Americans,'" said Malic, the investigator.

As in the other cases, investigators arrested mostly mid-level players after an early exchange of cash and radioactive goods.

The ringleader, the colonel, got away. Police cannot determine whether he had more nuclear material. His partner, who wanted to "annihilate America," is out of prison.

[DGuller]

Yeah.

[The Brain]

Not a lot of info in the article. How much cesium activity? How much "bomb grade U-235", whatever that is?

The problem with radioactivity from a terrorist's viewpoint is that it just isn't very dangerous. It is also in most cases very easy to detect, which makes moving it around more difficult than many conventional materials. They contaminate some city blocks? Then you decontaminate some city blocks. Fertilizer (as just one example) is a lot more dangerous, and is at least in Sweden routinely stored outside without any security measures (and thefts are common).

Strong gamma sources like Co and Cs are fairly easy to come by, they can be found in conventional industry and of course in hospitals. Those are soft targets, and in the 3rd world sources sometimes just get thrown away.

The only thing of any major security concern here is material for WMDs (essentially U and Pu). If you have enough bomb grade U building a simple bomb is reasonably easy.

Edit: I get the impression that a guy who buys both U-235 and plans for a dirty bomb isn't quite at home headwise.

[Martinus]

Oh lowdie!

[Baron von Schtinkenbutt]

Not a lot of info in the article. How much cesium activity? How much "bomb grade U-235", whatever that is?

The problem with radioactivity from a terrorist's viewpoint is that it just isn't very dangerous. It is also in most cases very easy to detect, which makes moving it around more difficult than many conventional materials. They contaminate some city blocks? Then you decontaminate some city blocks. Fertilizer (as just one example) is a lot more dangerous, and is at least in Sweden routinely stored outside without any security measures (and thefts are common).

Strong gamma sources like Co and Cs are fairly easy to come by, they can be found in conventional industry and of course in hospitals. Those are soft targets, and in the 3rd world sources sometimes just get thrown away.

The only thing of any major security concern here is material for WMDs (essentially U and Pu). If you have enough bomb grade U building a simple bomb is reasonably easy.

Edit: I get the impression that a guy who buys both U-235 and plans for a dirty bomb isn't quite at home headwise.

However, the average person is so clueless that they think "radiation" is this scary, deadly thing that will kill them even in minute amounts.  Many have no clue that they are bathed in it daily and that sunburn is actually a mild radiation burn, not a heat burn.  Look at all the chaos over and overreaction to Fukushima.  Consider how many people think that thousands of square kilometers of Ukraine and Belarus are still a "no-go zone" for anyone without full NBC gear.

A radiological weapon would create shitloads of terror out f all proportion to the actual damage done.

[The Brain]

Not a lot of info in the article. How much cesium activity? How much "bomb grade U-235", whatever that is?

The problem with radioactivity from a terrorist's viewpoint is that it just isn't very dangerous. It is also in most cases very easy to detect, which makes moving it around more difficult than many conventional materials. They contaminate some city blocks? Then you decontaminate some city blocks. Fertilizer (as just one example) is a lot more dangerous, and is at least in Sweden routinely stored outside without any security measures (and thefts are common).

Strong gamma sources like Co and Cs are fairly easy to come by, they can be found in conventional industry and of course in hospitals. Those are soft targets, and in the 3rd world sources sometimes just get thrown away.

The only thing of any major security concern here is material for WMDs (essentially U and Pu). If you have enough bomb grade U building a simple bomb is reasonably easy.

Edit: I get the impression that a guy who buys both U-235 and plans for a dirty bomb isn't quite at home headwise.

However, the average person is so clueless that they think "radiation" is this scary, deadly thing that will kill them even in minute amounts.  Many have no clue that they are bathed in it daily and that sunburn is actually a mild radiation burn, not a heat burn.  Look at all the chaos over and overreaction to Fukushima.  Consider how many people think that thousands of square kilometers of Ukraine and Belarus are still a "no-go zone" for anyone without full NBC gear.

A radiological weapon would create shitloads of terror out f all proportion to the actual damage done.

Yes, society has decided to needlessly make itself more vulnerable. The lunatic mainstream would freak out, for a while. On the plus side an actual dirty bomb might serve, in the medium to long term, to educate the masses regarding the actual dangers.

A related reflection: society thinks that you are more dead if you die from radiation (though it's very unlikely of course that anyone would die from the radiation of a dirty bomb) than if you die from other sources. This is fine from the perspective of voters and politicians. People who are actually responsible for safety and security though do not have that luxury. It gets people killed by irrational application of resources.

[PJL]

Even full on strategic nuclear weapons aren't overwhelmingly deadly either. More would die from the collapse of society brought on by the total devastation caused rather than the initial blast & radioactive fallout.

[Richard Hakluyt]

We need to jail the political terrorists in the EU elites who promoted diesel engines, thus condemning many thousands to an early death from nitrogen dioxide pollution 

[mongers]

We need to jail the political terrorists in the EU elites who promoted diesel engines, thus condemning many thousands to an early death from nitrogen dioxide pollution 

Indeed, there are plenty of far more important things to worry about that dirty bombs.

[Hamilcar]

*snip*

This is the kind of knowledgeable expert commentary that's unfortunately sorely lacking in most modern discourse.